Ethical Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moral Article Analysis - Essay Example The banks will have desires that credits are returned in full without default. The proprietors of the firm will expect that some dark cash isn't being put resources into their firm; they expect of the representatives that their yield or efficiency coordinates their payments. They may have worries as to there ought not be wastage of assets and most extreme creation is being guaranteed at least expense. The customers expect that they are charged sensible costs for products and ventures and firms are not looking for extreme benefits. Additionally, consumers’ interests are not encroached by firms’ cartels or by value separation. Overall population will anticipate from firms that their tasks are not negative for their wellbeing or not creating ecological contamination. The preservationists concerns are that organizations tasks are not prompting ozone-layer exhaustion or loss of biodiversity. Government desires are that corporate laws are not damaged and firms pay charges wit hout avoidance. The workers concerns are that they are paid completely for the administrations they render and there is no segregation in compensations and advancements based on sex contrasts or on some other ground. When such huge numbers of various things from various quarters go into the scene the money related choice will normally be influenced. In the business association alluded to in the article viable moral concerns are classified based on the different publics with which the money related administrator needs to bargain; these publics incorporate the top managerial staff, the clinical staff, merchants, administrative offices, workers, and customers. A leading group of directors’ part interests might be in strife with that of the association because of his different jobs; the board part may likewise speak to an association that is in rivalry with the organization for specific products or administrations. Moral concerns may likewise come up thus

Climate Change in the Business Strategy-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Is environmental change coordinated into your business methodology. Answer: Presentation Atmosphere changes have critical impacts on the dreams and benefit amplification techniques of the association. The consciousness of the atmosphere changes is expanding step by step all through the world in pretty much every industry. Each association has its particular chances, difficulties and coordinating environmental change which assumes a key job in the arrangement making process. The central issue we need to address here is the consolidation of environmental change in the business system. Moreover, we will relate this issue to the authenticity hypothesis which implies an association looks to guarantee that they work inside the limits and standards as per the neighborhood social orders. To place in basic words, the business exercises are seen to be authentic. The limits and standards are not static so the association must be responsive and the most ideal route is to depend on the thought of an implicit agreement. Writing Review A plenty of research is accessible which manage the issue of environmental change and its fuse during the time spent business policymaking. In this segment, we will cover some significant past investigations that manage the issue of environmental change just as with the viewpoint of authenticity hypothesis. A significant examination led by the McKinsey Company which managing the summed up viewpoint on environmental change chance that shifts industry to industry. This examination is covering practically all significant parts like oil and gas, Chemicals, farming, transport and so forth. The most ideal approach to assemble that report is appear with the assistance of the accompanying outline; Figure 1. Effect of McKinsey Co on carbon revelation. Source: McKinsey Company (2017) Authenticity hypothesis likewise helps to evaluate the Green House Gas outflow and social execution of the firm creation it outstanding amongst other apparatus examine and contrast the organizations execution and environmental change. An exploration study had featured the issue of authenticity hole and reasoning that this hole emerges when there is a conflict between desires for society and activities of an association. There is a solid relationship between's the desires for society and authenticity hole. To place as such, it implies the hole will increment when the desires for society changes or the obscure data become known to the general public (Set Figure 2. Authenticity hole. Source: Sethi (1975) Another examination is recommending the environmental change activity plan that can be utilized as a proactive administration of hazard that is related with the atmosphere and furthermore talking about the chances and effects. This investigation depends on five phases where the principal stage is manage the understanding impressions which means mapping the emanations and improving the detailing and precision. The subsequent advance is portraying the execution of reasonable measures to diminish these emanations. The following stage is managing the drawing in externalities which mean for example to create methane and shale improvement correspondence or participate during the time spent worldwide enactment and guidelines. The last stage is managing the structure limit which intends to focus on innovative work to shape an activity intend to fuse the environmental change in business methodologies (Mousa and Hassan, 2015) Applied Model: The applied model of this examination which is managing the issue of atmosphere changes fuse in the business policymaking procedure can be given the assistance of the accompanying graph expressly; Figure 3. Applied model of the exploration. In this exploration structure, there are three free factors and one ward variable alongside a control variable. It has been viewed as that carbon exposure score is the reliant variable, which is as indicated by the CDP divulgence is needy upon the reconciliation of environmental change in business, inward cost of carbon and future thought of hazard, making them the free factor for this examination structure. This examination structure thinks about that size of the firm is one of the fundamental factors that control the carbon revelation score, this it will be considered as the control variable. Theories: H0: There is no connection between the free factors and ward factors. H1: Integration of environmental change in business, inside cost of carbon and future thought of hazard decidedly influences the Carbon divulgence score Intermediary Measures for Theoretical Constructs Table 1. Intermediary measures for hypothetical builds. Hypothetical Constructs Intermediary Measures Kind of Variable Sources Reconciliation of environmental change in the business system Ostensible answer of Yes/No to Question from the CDP information. Free Variable CDP review Inside cost of Carbon Quantifiable in currency($) Free Variable Future contemplations of hazard Quantifiable utilizing past information examinations Free Variable Deliberate Carbon Disclosure score Rate carbon exposure score. The estimation is identified with the organizations on carbon revelation sources referenced in CDP spreadsheet. Subordinate Variable CDP Survey Organization profile Organizations: Mining, Chemicals (prominent) Control Variable ASX organization division categorisation. Organization Size (Low Profile) Market Capitalization Control Variable ASX of top 200 organizations Research Methodology An example number of 180 partnerships including different segments of ventures is thought about in the investigation. The significant area of parts utilized in CDP are prominent ventures and incorporates low profile businesses too. All these industry types are arranged under Global Industry Classification Standard. willful divulgence have been discovered, in this investigation the size is estimated as control variable (cv) estimated as far as the organizations advertise capitalization of points of interest modern division, regresssion examination is conveyed by utilizing auxiliary information Information Collection The example information was taken from the CDP study 2015. The database had 1048 firms from various nations with different segments. Test determination for this examination venture was limited by the quantity of organizations with proper information. Numerous organizations didn't respond to the CDP addresses which were the focal point of the exploration so the example size was more restricted than at first anticipated. The last example comprised of 56 organizations from various nations and different divisions. These organizations had a reaction to the recognized research question. (Note that the class teacher affirmed the utilization of 56 organizations given the examination question and CDP information). Embracing irregular examining, information was gathered from 28 Companies reacting YES and 28 Companies reacting NO. Information Analysis - Descriptive Expressive information investigation is being utilized in the exploration paper to break down the information and correlation. Illustrative information examination is the best structure to break down and classify the aggregate information from the examples and graphical portrayal also. Mean, Median, Mode are utilized to quantify the focal propensity results to dissect their disparities from the information assortment. Range, kurtosis, skewness is utilized to box plot the focal propensity results. On the premise parameters, the examination continues to clarify about the investigating of information by methods for plain portrayal utilizing expressive investigation. The two key research inquiries for engaging information investigation were the accompanying: Is environmental change is incorporated in the business technique, and assuming this is the case, how can it influence the carbon revelation score? Is environmental change not coordinated into the business procedure and assuming this is the case, how can it influence the carbon revelation score? Table 1. Organizations where environmental change is coordinated in the business system Organizations reacting YES contrasted and revelation scores Mean 90.53571 Middle 94 Mode 100 Standard Deviation 13.2957 Test Variance 176.7765 Kurtosis 4.314874 Skewness - 2.17536 Range 50 Least 50 Greatest 100 Entirety of 2535 Tally 28 Table 2: Climate change isn't incorporated in the business methodology Organizations Responding NO contrasted and divulgence scores Mean 55.3571 Middle 63.5 Mode 0 Standard Deviation 34.3664 Test difference 1181.0529 Kurtosis - 1.1030 Skewness - 0.5509 Range 99 Least 0 Most extreme 99 Aggregate of 1550 Check 28 Measurement Sexually transmitted disease. Blunder indeed Mean 90.54 2.513 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 85.38 Upper Bound 95.69 5% Trimmed Mean 92.21 Middle 94.00 Difference 176.776 Sexually transmitted disease. Deviation 13.296 Least 50 Most extreme 100 Range 50 Interquartile Range 11 Skewness - 2.175 .441 Kurtosis 4.315 .858 No Mean 55.36 6.495 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 42.03 Upper Bound 68.68 5% Trimmed Mean 56.07 Middle 63.50 Difference 1181.053 Sexually transmitted disease. Deviation 34.366 Least 0 Most extreme 99 Range 99 Interquartile Range 57 Skewness - .551 .441 Kurtosis - 1.103 .858 The above spoke to expressive plain information rep

What One Should not Do While in Morocco

What One Should not Do While in Morocco Things to Keep in Mind: Being a Tourist in Morocco Home›Informative Posts›Things to Keep in Mind: Being a Tourist in Morocco Informative PostsWhile Morocco is definitely an awesome place to enjoy your leisure time as a tourist!There are some things, which are not to be done by tourists in this country. Let me guide you through the most essential ones!Never Show Even a Slightest Disrespectfor IslamRemember that 90% of the population in the target country recognize Islam. Moreover, it is Morocco’s state religion which requires ultimate respect and adhering to its major requirements. You are a guest here, so do not offend locals. Actually, Morocco is among the most liberal and easygoing countries in the Islamic world, but the more you are welcome here, the more respect and appropriateness of your behavior is expected. If you are curious about Islam â€" ask, but never share questionable and controversial opinions on the subject. Do not enter certain areas (there are mosques and sh rines, which are not to be entered by non-Muslims), dress reasonably modest, in accordance with local customs, and mind your opinion on Islam and its heritage in the modern world.Disrespect for the Monarchy is Also OffensiveWell, evident and rude disrespect can do even more harm than offending the locals â€" the sentence up to three years in jail may be the final outcome. Defacing anything that encompasses the king’s image is also forbidden.  Respect both Moroccan religion and laws  for a trouble-free trip.Pick the Right Hand for EatingMeals in Morocco also require following certain traditions. For instance, the prevailing majority of food should be eaten with hands. Here, you should be careful and use only your right hand for eating the food. The reason is that the left hand is positioned as unclean in Morocco, since they use it to clean with after going to the WC. Well, it is not a sin or a criminal act, but a certain unaccepted gesture.Leave Your Beachwear on the BeachThis aspe ct refers to the aforementioned respect for Islam, but cannot be emphasized strong enough: dressing rules are fairly conservative in Morocco even nowadays. Beachwear is absolutely inappropriate for a visit to Morocco regardless the hot temperatures. All your awesome bikinis and bathing suits are for the beach only, and hotels, cafes or restaurants are no exception.Well, apart from strict rules and things never to do in Morocco, there is also much fun, so make sure you:Explore more than just Marrakesh! Essaouria, Ouzoud Waterfalls, Ouarzazate, and the Ourika Valley are other hot spots in the area.Taste their famous mint tea! It is a national drink as couscous is a national dish.Try haggling in the souks, traditional markets in Morocco.Let these tips guide you in this exotic country so that you enjoy it as much as possible.

Ethical Dilemmas Regarding Technology Ethical Dilemma

Ethical Dilemmas Regarding Technology An ethical dilemma is a situation where one must choose between two conflicting options, which are all morally correct. It is worth to note that ethics and morals are not easy to separate, as they both define what human behaviour should be at all times. The two aspects address issues of right and wrong as pertains to different walks of life. Cultural norms usually determine the ethical behaviour of a society, and these norms would inform people’s take on right and wrong as they tread life. For example, a lady may conceive with a man then finds herself with another man before the pregnancy manifests physically. The latter man decides to take her for a pregnancy test before they could spend together and†¦show more content†¦They still find it difficult to advise people to embrace the idea of artificial womb to nurture infants. It is worth noting that there should be no human testing for three to five years on an infant nurtured in an artificial womb. Scientists submit t his assertion to give ample time for maturity of the infant nurtured on artificial womb. This would give space for the interaction of nature and artificial forces to compose the developing infant born prematurely. In the event that an artificial womb records success for premature infants, deep legal and ethical debates could arise. The debates would revolve around the comparison of health status of the infants nurtured from artificial wombs and those born maturely through natural and normal means. The two generations of infants have different clinical and care requirements to ensure proper and/or enhanced their growth as human beings. The question of the need to satisfy such needs would invoke the basics of morals and ethics. This would ensure no violation of rights of the infants on the basis of how they nurture up. It is worth noting that the external artificial uterus have the capability of facilitating and supporting the whole gestation process, which runs from implantation to delivery. However, this level of artificial nurturing of infants is conventional as of the contemporary analysis. Contemporary incubators assure sustenance of premature infant’s life without continuing the process of gestation. This is aShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Dilemmas of Collecting Data and the Consequential Revision of Commodities, Culture and the Politics of Representations Definitions 1751 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation or data has become assets to companies, being regarded as property to be bought and sold to between companies. However, this has put forward the following primary ethical dilemmas surrounding human rights: the right to informed consent and the right to personal data. In addition to the creation of ethical dilemmas, the collection of human data has brought about a need for a revision of definitions. Commodities are known as a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be boughtRead MoreEthical Issues Of Business Environment850 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment, companies can face a number of ethical issues that require making hard and often dissatisfyi ng decisions. In this context, it is necessary to mind ethical norms as well as results of actions taken in order to keep the efficient communication across companies and keep the right balance in communication with colleagues, subordinates as well as mangers (Horton, 2015). Taking into consideration that there can be distinguished a range of ethical issues that pertain only to certain types ofRead MoreHow Dnr Causes an Ethical Dilemma Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: HOW DNR CAUSES AN ETHICAL DILEMMA How DNR Causes an Ethical Dilemma Deann Morgan HCA 322, Health Care Ethics and Medical Law Dr. David Cole January 22, 2010 Abstract This paper will present an argument of how the process of do not resuscitate (DNR) results in an ethical dilemma for workers in the healthcare field. In presenting the argument, thisRead MoreWith The Rise Of Globalization And The Complex Dynamics1624 Words   |  7 PagesWith the rise of globalization and the complex dynamics of the global business environments, organizations are tackling and forced to deal with large ethical issues on a daily basis. The ramifications for an organization that does not handle an ethical scenario efficiently and effectively could put the entire company and organization at dire risk. Organizations put their company brand and identity on the line with their everyday decisions and how they choose to operate themselves and their businessRead MoreApple, Edm And Ethical Dilemma1418 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Apple, EDM and ethical dilemma Apple is undeniably positioned as the worlds most innovative and valuable technology company. Apple has successfully used simplicity and intelligence to take over the world of technology. Steve Jobs lead Apple to substantial accomplishments and vast income continuing when Tim Cook picked up leadership in early 2012. Although this company is undoubtedly financially wealthy, an ethical dilemma concerning Foxconn’s working conditions has been called intoRead MoreEthical Issues That Affect The Field Of Organizational Behavior948 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the ethical issues that affect the field of organizational behavior. Organizational behavior refers to the study of how people interact with each other in organizational settings and this forms the culture of the organization (McShane Von, 2015). Naturally people are different; the values they uphold and what they consider to be right or wrong differs. Their interests also differ and getting them to unite on a similar background can be very hectic. For this reason, ethical issues haveRead MoreEthical Dilemma On Randomized Clinical Trials1300 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemma on Randomized Clinical Trial Randomized clinical trial (RCT) is the most effective way of conducting research on the efficacy and safety of newly developed drugs and medical treatment for public consumption. Like most experiments, there are usually two groups in conducting an RCT: the placebo group and experimental group. In the placebo group, the subjects receive a placebo drug or a drug that is already available and is used to treat a particular disease and in the treatment groupRead MoreWhy The Selling Of Customer Information At Outside Parties Creates An Ethical Dilemma1557 Words   |  7 PagesThis report is to evaluate and to make a determination on whether the selling of customer information to outside parties creates an ethical dilemma to an organization. It will investigate whether the implementation of this new method of revenue generation will create an ethical conflict with the website disclosure that â€Å"We will not sell our customer’s personal information to anyone, for any purpose. Per iod.† Introduction Companies have globalized, all over the world and social media has become aRead MoreMarketing Across Culture Success or Dilemma1130 Words   |  5 PagesTable of contents Marketing across culture: 3 Reasons of this dilemma 3 Proposed solution: 5 Pluralism: 6 Cultural analysis before marketing: 6 Change management strategy: 7 Marketing across culture: Marketing across culture is one of the biggest issues which multinational companies have been confronting nowadays. Since marketing is an important factor for the propagation of a particular product or company, marketing plan should also be effective simultaneously. Every organizationRead MoreLegal, Ethical, And Policy Issues1392 Words   |  6 Pages Legal, Ethical, and Policy Issues, Oh My! Julia Colasurdo SUNY College of Technology at Alfred State Abstract Legal, ethical, and policy issues are an important aspect of nursing and medical informatics. Nurses should be aware of the dilemmas facing the use of informatics in the health care facilities. It is important to note the legal issues facing nursing because of the charges of negligence that can be incurred on the nurse if not aware. Ethical dilemmas of privacy including security

The Kugelmass Episode By Woody Allen - 2537 Words

The Kugelmass Episode â€Å"The Kugelmass Episode† is a very amusing short story, with humor resulting from the employment of devices such as satire and irony along with a network of absurdities and incongruities. In the story, Woody Allen takes the reader on a journey through time and literature. Professor Kugelmass is a middle-aged teacher at City College in New York City, who is unfulfilled and bored with his life. Wanting to have an affair to escape his unhappy marriage, he seeks the help of a magician-entertainer who can transport him into any piece of literature. From there on out, Allen provides a hilarious look at what happens when living out one’s fantasy becomes a reality. Throughout the novel, there is an obvious disparity between anxious, balding Kugelmass and the glamorous and romantic life that he wishes to lead. It begins with Kugelmass’ description of his family: he had â€Å"two dull sons† and a wife that â€Å"let herself go and swell up like a beach ball† (Allen 348). His judgment toward his family is comical because he is so disgusted by his wife who has â€Å"let herself go† when in reality he is aging and doing the same. There seems to be an incongruity between how Kugelmass sees himself and how others see him. This first dialogue in the story that involves Kugelmass belittling his wife effortlessly serves the purpose of creating a distance between the reader and the main character so that he/she is able to laugh at his mishaps throughout the story. The reader must notShow MoreRelatedThe Kugelmass Episode843 Words   |  4 PagesMWF 10-10:50 3/8/13 In the story The Kugelmass Episode, Woody Allen takes the reader on an exciting journey through time and literature that keeps you begging for more. Professor Kugelmass is a middle-aged teacher at City College in New York City. He seems to be unfulfilled and bored with his life as a whole. The real world is far too drab for his liking and so he sets out to change his life but ultimately ends up turning his world upside down. Allen uses colorful dialogue to first disconnect

Succubus Revealed Epilogue Free Essays

We were married at sunset. Some might not consider that an auspicious time, but for me, it was a perfect compromise. I had wanted to be married in the daytime, outdoors, with sunlight streaming everywhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Revealed Epilogue or any similar topic only for you Order Now Seeing as Cody and Peter wanted to attend, however, the sun presented a little difficulty. And since Peter had essentially acted as wedding coordinator for me, it seemed kind of mean to exclude him. So, we held the ceremony at sunset, and the vampires were able to show up for the reception the instant the sun sank below the horizon. The wedding was held on the grounds of a beachfront resort on Puget Sound. We stood on a grassy hill, facing west toward the water. It was high summer, and everything was bathed in orange and gold. The bridesmaids (all Mortensen girls) wore red dresses that looked as though they’d been designed with the sunset in mind and carried white clusters of stephanotis. Our only nod to decorations was an ivy-strewn arch that the officiant stood in front of. With so much beauty around us, nothing else had seemed necessary. I repeated my vows while holding Seth’s hands. Each word I spoke was infinitely powerful, and yet I wouldn’t really remember any of them until later. For those minutes, my whole world was focused on his face, on the amber gold of his eyes and the way the light played off his hair. Love burned within me and between us, making everything else a fog of indistinct details. There was only Seth and me. Me and Seth. There was a dreamlike quality to it all. The moments seemed suspended in time. And yet, afterward, when I looked back, it was as though the entire ceremony had taken place in the blink of an eye. We had a couple hundred people who had gathered to watch us. They all rose from their folding chairs and clapped when we kissed, and I found myself unable to stop grinning when I looked out into that sea of happy faces. The reception was held on the same grounds, just a little ways from the ceremony. We’d gone to a bit more work with the decorations here. The tables were draped with white linens and bedecked with flowers and candles that created little twinkles of light in the evening shadows. Large torches were set up along the boundaries as well, their flames flicking rapidly as wind picked up from the water. A jazz band set up nearby and began to play, providing background music for dinner. They had a space for dancing afterward too, though I didn’t dance nearly as much as I’d expected to at my wedding. There were too many people to see, too many people to thank for their support. So Seth and I walked around hand in hand, going from group to group of those we loved. â€Å"I knew those Asiatic lilies would be a good call,† Peter told us conspiratorially, admiring one of the table arrangements. â€Å"The Oriental ones are bigger, but I feel like these complement the roses so much better.† â€Å"You’re a regular flower whisperer,† said Hugh, knocking back a drink. He held up his glass to Seth and me in a mock toast. â€Å"Honestly, your best bit of planning was the open bar.† â€Å"Because it certainly wasn’t the band,† remarked Doug, strolling over to where my little group was standing. â€Å"Geez, Kincaid – † He paused and reconsidered. â€Å"Geez, Mortensens, why didn’t you hire me? Nocturnal Admission could’ve totally rocked this place out.† I smiled, happy that Doug had come. I honestly hadn’t been sure if he would. â€Å"Because I wouldn’t want to burden you guys with the strain of playing family-friendly music for three hours.† â€Å"Very considerate,† he said. He glanced around, nodding grudgingly. â€Å"Aside from that – and the fact that the bridesmaids are all under eighteen – I gotta admit, you put on a pretty good spread.† â€Å"Thank you,† Peter and I said in unison. â€Å"I kind of agree with Doug about the band,† said Cody. â€Å"I asked them if they’d play ‘The Chicken Dance,’ and they said no.† â€Å"I could’ve done a bitchin’ cover of that,† said Doug solemnly. â€Å"It’s not so much a failing on the band’s part as it was a request of ours to not play it,† said Seth. â€Å"Sad,† said Doug. He slung an arm around Cody. â€Å"Want to go make a bar run with me?† When Cody nodded, Doug glanced at the rest of us. â€Å"Refill anyone?† â€Å"No, thanks,† I said. Doug shook his head. â€Å"Married for an hour, and you’re already picking up his good habits.† He and Cody walked off, having an intense discussion about â€Å"The Chicken Dance,† judging from their pantomimes. I leaned my head against Seth, content with everything and everyone in the world. â€Å"You did a beautiful job, Peter,† I said. â€Å"Seriously. It all turned out great.† Considering how underappreciated Peter always felt, I would’ve expected him to revel in the praise, but he actually turned modest. â€Å"Ah, well. You guys are the main attraction. I just provided the – â€Å" He stopped speaking, and as one, he and Hugh glanced off beyond the edge of the torches, into the darkness. â€Å"What is it?† I asked. They exchanged looks. â€Å"Carter,† said Peter. I followed their gaze, unable to see anything beyond the lit perimeter. It had been very easy to become human again, but there were still a few things I had trouble shaking. The loss of my immortal senses was one. Even now, it was weird to be standing with Peter and Hugh and not feel them. Their night vision was no better than mine – well, actually, I supposed Peter’s was – but it wasn’t their eyes that had alerted them to Carter’s presence. â€Å"I think he wants to see you,† said Hugh gently. I stared off at where they indicated, uncertain what should I do. â€Å"Go,† said Seth softly. â€Å"You should talk to him.† I looked up at him, into those eyes so full of love, and forgot about Carter for the space of heartbeat. It was still too unbelievable to accept sometimes that this was my life, that Seth was my husband. I pressed my lips to his in a quick kiss. â€Å"I’ll be right back,† I said. I picked my way through my guests, finding it difficult not to stop and talk to the many well-wishers. When I was out of the safety of the tents and tables, the wind hit me, whipping my hair and veil around and playing with my skirts. My dress had a sweetheart neckline and full skirt with many tiers and layers. I’d wanted a princess dress for my wedding day and had gotten one, though it made this walk a little awkward. I soon spotted Carter, standing so perfectly still among some trees that he might have been one. â€Å"Mrs. Mortensen,† he greeted me, when I reached him. â€Å"Congratulations.† He wore worn gray suit pants, a longsleeved white shirt with the first couple buttons open, and loosely knotted gray and pink silk tie. A jacket matched the pants and looked like it was two sizes too big. I nodded in approval. â€Å"Nice of you to dress up,† I said. â€Å"I don’t think I’ve ever seen you in anything so formal.† â€Å"I should’ve checked with Peter to find out your colors,† said Carter, running a hand through his hair. It didn’t look like it had been brushed for the occasion. â€Å"Sorry if I clash.† I smiled. â€Å"You look great. Thank you for coming.† â€Å"Well,† he said. â€Å"We left off kind of abruptly.† â€Å"That we did,† I murmured. This was the first time I’d seen him since the trial. â€Å"Jerome’s not with you?† â€Å"No. You won’t be seeing him anymore. Well.† Carter paused a moment. â€Å"Let’s just say, I hope you won’t be seeing him anymore.† â€Å"I plan on staying off Hell’s radar,† I said honestly. He nodded, turning serious. â€Å"That’s good. That’s kind of why I’m here. I’ve got two gifts for you. Gifts of information.† â€Å"You were checking my registry,† I said. â€Å"How sweet.† We didn’t have much light, but I swore, I could see his gray eyes twinkle. â€Å"You said you’ll stay off their radar, but believe me, they’re going to still have their eyes on you. Hell doesn’t lose many souls the way they lost yours. If they can get it back, they will. They’ll try. I know how close you are to them. . . .† His gaze drifted back toward the reception. â€Å"To Hugh, Peter, and Cody. But it’d be better for you – and for them – if you stayed away from them. If you moved away from them, to someplace where you don’t know any of the local immortals.† I stared in astonishment. â€Å"Are you saying one of them might try to get my soul? They’re my friends.† â€Å"I know, I know. And I don’t think they would, exactly, but it’s an ugly position for them to be in. You should really think about leaving Seattle. You’ll make it easier on everyone if you just remove that temptation.† â€Å"I love Seattle,† I said, turning back to look across the dark water. â€Å"But I love Seth more. I’ll talk to him. Andrea’s been doing better, so we can go. I don’t know where, but we’ll figure it out.† I sighed and looked back at him. â€Å"Is your other piece of information less depressing?† The smile reappeared on his lips. â€Å"Yes. It’s a big secret.† He leaned toward me and said in a stage whisper, â€Å"You’re going to have a baby in December.† A matching smile came over me. â€Å"That’s no secret. Not to me, at least.† Seth and I had known for a little while and had decided to keep it under wraps until after the wedding. We weren’t going to be able to hide it much longer. I was three months pregnant, and without shape-shifting, I was subject to the rules of nature. It was a wonder I still fit in this dress. â€Å"Okay,† said Carter. â€Å"Then try this: it’s a girl.† I felt my smile grow. â€Å"That I didn’t know.† Or did I? A sudden flashback to the dream Nyx had shown me played through my mind. I hadn’t thought about it in a very long time. Why did I need to? I was living my own dream. But in a flash, I saw it again, me holding a small girl as we waited outside for her father to come home. And it was snowing†¦. You should really think about leaving Seattle. â€Å"What are you thinking?† asked Carter, studying me. â€Å"I’m thinking there might be a short list of places I’ll be moving to.† I shivered, both from the cold and the memories, and he draped his worn suit jacket over my bare shoulders. â€Å"I’m moving too,† he told me. I blinked away from my memories. â€Å"You are? Where? Why?† He chose to answer the last one. â€Å"Because my job here is done. Time to go on to another.† It took me a moment to follow. â€Å"You don’t mean . . . I was your assignment? I’m why you came to Seattle?† He answered with a shrug. â€Å"But . . . no,† I protested. â€Å"There must be other things you do here, right? Other angelic tasks?† â€Å"Weren’t you enough?† he teased. I was still in disbelief. Carter had been in Seattle for as many years as me. Surely there must have been more to it. Admittedly, no one in Hell ever really understood how the angels worked on their assignments. They didn’t have the same level of micromanaging as my former employees. â€Å"I’m just one person. One soul. All your work and energy . . . I mean, it can’t all have been just for one soul. An angel can’t be solely dedicated to that.† â€Å"Well,† he said, clearly enjoying my confusion. â€Å"It was actually for two souls, since you and Seth were both saved. But even if it wasn’t, it still would’ve been worth it. Do you know the price of one soul, Georgina? It’s beyond rubies and diamonds, beyond any mortal reckoning. If it had taken me centuries, if it had taken a dozen more angels to help me, it all would have been worth it.† I lowered my head, feeling tears come to my eyes. I thought about how often I’d disparaged Carter, how many times I’d scoffed at the silly, hard-drinking persona he put on. Yet, no matter how much I dismissed him, Carter had always been there in the background, always showing interest in Seth and me. He’d protected me and given me advice, and I spent most of my time mocking him. â€Å"I’m not worthy of that,† I said. I might be human now, but I understood how powerful a heavenly creature Carter was. â€Å"I don’t deserve that much regard.† He reached out and tipped my chin up. â€Å"You do, Georgina. And if you don’t believe me now, then strive to be. Live your life. Be kind. Love those you know. Love those you don’t know. Be worthy of your soul.† A tear escaped, rolling down my cheek and probably messing up my mortal mascara. â€Å"Thank you, Carter. Thank you for everything.† â€Å"There’s nothing to thank me for,† he replied. With a sigh, he glanced up at the starry night. â€Å"I should be going. And your guests are probably looking for you. I’m sure they’ve been banging on glasses with their spoons this entire time.† â€Å"Wait – before you go . . .† I hesitated. Carter had already told me so much, but I had to know one other thing. â€Å"What happened to Roman? Is he dead?† Carter’s amused expression faded. â€Å"Ah. I don’t know.† â€Å"Carter – â€Å" â€Å"I mean it,† he said. â€Å"That’s the straightest answer you’ll ever get from an angel. I don’t know. I don’t think his outcome was good, but I don’t know for sure.† I swallowed back more tears. â€Å"He shouldn’t have gone.† â€Å"It was his choice, Georgina. He wanted to make a point to Heaven and Hell . . . that, and well, there’s more. He did it out of love, and that’s no small thing. A sacrifice born of love is almost as powerful a thing as a redeemed soul. Both of them are blows to Hell.† â€Å"I wish . . . I wish I could’ve said good-bye. Told him how grateful I am.† â€Å"I think he knows,† said Carter. â€Å"I think he knew exactly what he was getting into and deemed it worthwhile. The best way to thank him now is to do what I said. Live your life to its fullest. Take care of your husband and daughter, and let your soul shine.† I nodded. â€Å"I will. Thank you.† I almost asked about Yasmine too but had a feeling the answer would be the same: she’d made her decision. I could only be responsible for my fate, not everyone else’s. â€Å"Bless you, daughter of man,† Carter said, his eyes luminous and almost silver now. He leaned down and kissed my forehead. I closed my eyes and caught my breath. His lips were both burning hot and icy cold. A sense of peace and power flooded me, and for a moment, it was as though I were right on the edge of comprehending all the beauty in the world. I opened my eyes. He was gone. I stood alone on the windswept hill, with the moon starting to shine on the water. In the distance, I heard the laughter and chatter of those I loved and sensed the warmth they held. Picking up my skirts, still wearing Carter’s jacket over my shoulders, I headed off toward my husband and the rest of my life, off to be worthy of my soul. How to cite Succubus Revealed Epilogue, Essay examples

The Power Of Music Essays (1156 words) - Cognition,

The Power Of Music In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my suc cess thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always receive d praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addi tion to being ambitious

American Politics in Transition essays

American Politics in Transition essays For the United States, as for most states in the world, the 1980s and 1990s were a time of change and challenge. During this period the effects of change both within the US and internationally acted as push factors in many areas of life, including economics and politics. This sudden change was primarily due to global shocks and recessions, increased foreign economic competition, the end of the Cold War and the demise of the Soviet Union, the development of revolutionary new technologies, the achievement of post-industrial society within the US, slower rates of domestic economic growth, and the demographic changes within American society. By the Mid 1980s important developments had occurred within interest groups, political parties. By 1990s national debates were being held in regard to Americas future in the post-Cold War world, Americas economic competitiveness, culture, morality and the states relationship with society. Five major things must be taken under account when discussing American politics in transition. 1) the basic nature of the American political system, 2) the sources of political change since the late 1960s, 3) the conservative renewal and the new conservative agenda, 4) the Reagan-Bush legacy in politics and public policy 5) the new political and economic constraints in the era of divided government, and 6) the public policy environment of the 1990s. At the core of American political culture I support for the values of liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, populism and laissez-faire. The nature of this society with also has glorification of the individual, and the rejection of conservative theories of organic society, hierarchy, and natural aristocracy. Being an American means accepting this liberal Democratic creed (laissez faire), while those who reject it are considered to be un-American. ...

P.T. Barnum Biography

P.T. Barnum Biography P.T. Barnum, often called The Greatest Showman on Earth, built a collection of curiosities into one of the worlds most successful traveling shows. However, his exhibits were often exploitative, and had a darker side. P.T. Barnum Fast Facts Full Name: Phineas Taylor BarnumBorn: July 5, 1810 in Bethel, ConnecticutDied: April 7, 1891 in Bridgeport, ConnecticutParents: Philo Barnum and Irene TaylorSpouses: Charity Hallett (m. 1829-1873) and Nancy Fish (m. 1874-1891)Children: Frances Irena, Caroline Cornelia, Helen Maria, and Pauline Taylor.Known For: Created the modern concept of the traveling circus as grand spectacle, promoted a number of hoaxes to entertain the public, and is credited with saying Theres a sucker born every minute. Early Years Born in Bethel, Connecticut, to Philo Barnum, an innkeeper, farmer, and shop owner, and his wife Irene Taylor, young Phineas Taylor Barnum was raised in a household that embraced the rigid conservative values of the Congregational church. The sixth of ten children, Barnum greatly admired his maternal grandfather, who was not only his namesake, but also a bit of a practical joker in a community that had only a few socially permissible forms of entertainment. Academically, Barnum excelled in school subjects like math, but hated the physical labor that was demanded of him on his fathers farm. He helped Philo out by working in the shop, but when his father died in 1825, teenage Barnum liquidated the family business, and went to work for a general store in a neighboring town. A few years later, at 19, Barnum married Charity Hallett, with whom he would eventually have four children. Around the same time, he began dabbling in investments in unusual speculation schemes, and was particularly interested promoting entertainment for the masses. Barnum believed that if he could only find one truly amazing thing to exhibit, he could be a success- as long as the crowd believed theyd gotten their moneys worth. Somewhere around 1835, a man walked into Barnums general store, knowing of Barnums interest in the odd and fantastic, and offered to sell him a curiosity. According to Gregg Mangan of Connecticut History, Joice Heth, an African American woman alleged to be 161 years old and former nurse to founding father George Washington, drew crowds of curious onlookers willing to pay for the chance to hear her speak and even sing. Barnum jumped at the opportunity to market her performances. P.T. Barnum got his start as a showman by purchasing a blind, nearly paralyzed, elderly African American woman for $1,000 and then working her for ten hours a day. He marketed her as the oldest woman alive, and she died less than a year later. Barnum charged spectators to view her autopsy, at which it was announced that she was no more than 80 years old. The Greatest Showman on Earth After exploiting Heth and marketing her as a curiosity, Barnum learned in 1841 that Scudder’s American Museum was for sale. Scudders, located on Broadway in New York City, housed a collection of some $50,000 worth of relics and rare curiosities, so Barnum pounced on the opportunity. He rebranded Scudders as Barnums American Museum, filled it with the oddest things he could find, and blasted the American public with his extravagant showmanship. Although he is credited with saying Theres a sucker born every minute, theres no evidence that these words came from Barnum; what he did say was the American people liked to be humbugged.† Barnums particular brand of humbuggery included marketing exotic, imported animals displayed alongside fakes. There was the so-called Feejee Mermaid, which was a monkeys head sewn onto the body of a large fish, and a giant, working replica of Niagara Falls. In addition, he created his traveling freak show, using real people as exhibits, and often creating elaborate, false backstories to make them seem more exciting to the crowds. In 1842, he met Charles Stratton, a four-year-old boy from Bridgeport, who was unusually small at just 25 tall. Barnum marketed the child to audiences as General Tom Thumb, an eleven-year-old entertainer from England. Barnums traveling spectacle gained momentum with the addition of Stratton, who was drinking wine and smoking cigars by the age of five, as well as Native American dancers, Salvadoran children who were marketed as Aztecs, and a number of people of African descent whose exhibits were rooted in racial prejudices of the time. Barnum took his show to Europe, where they played to Queen Victoria and other members of royalty. Barnum with Charles Stratton, who used the stage name Tom Thumb. Bettmann   / Getty Images In 1850, Barnum managed to convince Jenny Lind, the Swedish Nightingale to come perform in New York. Lind, who was devout and a philanthropist, demanded her $150,000 fee in advance so she could use it to fund education programs in Sweden. Barnum went heavily into debt to pay Linds fees, but made the money back fairly early into her successful tour. Barnums promotion and marketing was so overwhelming that Lind eventually opted out of her contract, the two parted ways amicably, and both made a lot of money. The Darker Side of the Show Although Barnum is often portrayed as a delightful showman, much of his success was rooted in the exploitation of others. In addition to Stratton and Heth, Barnum profited from exhibiting a number of other individuals as human curiosities. William Henry Johnson was introduced to Barnums audiences as the man-monkey, found in the wilds of Africa. Johnson, an African American who suffered from microcephaly, was born to poor parents who were former slaves, and who allowed a local circus to display Johnson and his unusually small cranium for money. When his agent got him a role with Barnum, his fame skyrocketed. Barnum dressed him in furs and renamed him Zip the Pinhead, and billed him as the What is It? Barnum claimed Johnson as a missing link between civilized people and a naked race of men, traveling about by climbing on tree branches. A woman holds conjoined twins who were part of Barnums exhibit. Hulton Collection / Deutsch / Getty Images Annie Jones, the Bearded Lady, was another of Barnums most popular sideshows. Barnell had facial hair from the time she was an infant, and as a toddler, her parents sold her to Barnum as the Infant Esau, a reference to the Biblical figure known for an impressive beard. Jones ended up staying with Barnum for most of her life, and became one of the most successful bearded lady performers of all time. Isaac Sprague, the human skeleton, had an unusual condition in which his muscles atrophied, worked for Barnum several times through his adult life. Chang and Eng Bunker, well-known today as conjoined twins, had been circus performers earlier in their lives, and came out of retirement in North Carolina to join Barnum as a special exhibit. Prince Randian, the living torso, was brought to the U.S. by Barnum at age 18, and demonstrated amazing feats for audiences who wanted to see a man with no limbs do things like roll a cigarette or shave his own face. In addition to these types of acts, Barnum hired giants, dwarves, conjoined infants, people with extra and missing limbs, and several physically and mentally disabled individuals as exhibits for his audiences. He also regularly produced and promoted blackface minstrel shows. Legacy P.T. Barnum Monument, Bridgeport, Connecticut, circa 1962. Archive Photos / Getty Images Although Barnum built his success on promoting the freak show, which was rooted in the fears and prejudices of nineteenth century audiences, it appears that later in life he had a slight change of perspective. In the years prior to the Civil War, Barnum campaigned for public office and ran on an anti-slavery platform. He admitted to having engaged in the purchase and sale of slaves, and to having physically abused his slaves, and expressed regret for his actions. Later, he became a philanthropist, and donated a large sum of money to Tufts University for the establishment of a biology and natural history museum. Barnum died in 1891. The show hed founded had merged with James Baileys traveling circus ten years prior, forming Barnum Baileys Circus, and was eventually sold to Ringling Brothers, nearly two decades after his death. The city of Bridgeport, Connecticut, honored Barnum with a statue in his memory, and held a six-week Barnum Festival every year. Today, the Barnum Museum in Bridgeport houses over 1,200 of the curiosities that traveled around the country with Barnums show. Sources â€Å"About P.T. Barnum.†Ã‚  The Barnum Museum, barnum-museum.org/about/about-p-t-barnum/.Barnum, P. T./ Mihm, Stephen (EDT).  The Life of P. T. Barnum, Written by Himself: With Related Documents. Macmillan Higher Education, 2017.Cunningham, Sean, and Sean Cunningham. â€Å"P.T. Barnums Most Famous Freaks.†Ã‚  InsideHook, 21 Dec. 2017, www.insidehook.com/article/history/p-t-barnums-famous-freaks.Flatley, Helen. â€Å"The Darker Side of How P.T. Barnum Became ‘The Greatest Showman.’†Ã‚  The Vintage News, 6 Jan. 2019, www.thevintagenews.com/2019/01/06/greatest-showman/.Mansky, Jackie. â€Å"P.T. Barnum Isnt the Hero the ‘Greatest Showman’ Wants You to Think.†Ã‚  Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 22 Dec. 2017, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-pt-barnum-greatest-humbug-them-all-180967634/.

Gender Stratificaiton in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender Stratificaiton in the Workplace - Essay Example Gender Stratification is a global phenomenon, which touches almost all countries, though the level of it differs among the countries. All countries being from Asia, Europe, Africa, America and all parts of the world have either suffering from the subject, or find that once had came across it. In Canada, Sociological analysis conducted in the year 1973 and 1984 has shown that there was income inequality between sexes; the analysis further stated that â€Å"The income gaps between males and females are also large. The income gaps between Anglophones and Francophone tend to be much smaller than between class categories and gender groups in 1973, and more so in 1984. The greatest improvement in income disparities seems to come from less discriminatory pay structures and exploitation, not from human capital and individual characteristics†. (Class, Gender and Ethnic Income Inequalities in 1973 and 1984: Findings from the Canadian National Surveys) Canadian Women in recent years were living in poverty, due to low income they received in the working places as a result of Gender Stratification. The result was that, not only the women in that nature suffered from the tragic, it’s also included their families. While for that reason, the Canadian government and the United Nation put hand on deck to curtail poverty among women. The United Nation on its part stated that poverty will never come to end unless women are given opportunity to work and earn like their male counterpart. Another typical example that ought to be sighted as relating to the above subject describes how women were segregated in Canada, especially in the area of Ontario, where analysis made since 1999 shows that there was a disparity. There was a highest gap in earning between males and females, especially in the Pharmacy Industry. Investigation also testifies that women were earning less than their male counterpart in that sector because they are only remaining as employees. Meanwhile, since the primary focus of this essay is to make assessment on how gender stratification changed in Canadian working place in the last few decades, the remaining pages of set aside for this essay should focus on that aspect. The important point that ought to be discuss on this aspect initially, over the changing in Gender stratification in the past few decades, which include that some countries across the globe have changed to recognized the need for equality between males and females, which is in line with the International Convention that took place in the year 1979, which at the end of it, members that participated endorsed the compulsory application of social justice between men and women. During that convention, a bill was passed, which is tagged "international bill of rights for women", is the second most widely ratified human rights treaty in the world. Many countries have also enacted legislation and established organizational structures on a domestic level to promote gender equality". (Gender Equality in the Labor Market). The Canadian International Development Agency, (CIDA) has also played vital roles in recent years toward ensuring the Gender Equality in Canada, through its policy on gender equality. The body has vowed to

Sterilisation of a disabled person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sterilisation of a disabled person - Essay Example Such as stomach cramps, that she was suffering. Sarah also highlights that fact that Amanda has no realistic prospects of ever having children hysterectomy i.e. remove the daughters womb so as "to improve her quality of life† a number of gynaecologists are backing Sarah’s demands however various disabled rights group are horrified by he prospects of doctors removing Amanda womb "just because she is disabled they argue that she has "just as much right as anyone else to grow up with her body intact to have the opportunity to choose whether to give birth to her own children’s. Her human rights would be violated". 1) Introduce the relevant issues. I.e. is it appropriate to sterilise a minor without their consent. Briefly look at the relevance on the effect on the carers looking after someone disabled. Look at the nature of the operations it’s not without risk? And it’s not reversible. Also briefly look at the disabled rights. Brief mention on human rights also. 2) Main body of the assignment. Criticise the law. Also its â€Å"best interest test† critique it. Convenient arguments if the court declare it to be lawful, the whose convenience is it for. Absence of consent could also be discussed. Human rights on Eugenic( population) The issue of the sterilisation of children who are mentally handicapped has always been an emotive topic and one that is very controversial. Despite protestations by the parents of the handicapped child that they are acting in the best interests of the child many see this as a violation of the right of the woman to reproduce. In Re D (A Minor) (Wardship: Sterilisation) [1976] 1 All ER 326 an educational psychologist who had been concerned with the child’s welfare applied for a wardship order which was duly granted by the court. In this case the child’s mother had asked a hospital to sterilise her daughter as she was concerned that her daughter who had

Effects of Vegetation on Freshwater Shrimp

Effects of Vegetation on Freshwater Shrimp The aim of this experiment was to discover whether the presence of vegetation affected the abundance of the species of freshwater shrimp Gammarus pulex. To do this an experiment was carried out involving samples taken from a variety of vegetated and non-vegetated areas. The abundance of the species in each environment was measured and compared and found to be statistically significant. Freshwater shrimp do prefer vegetated areas over non-vegetated areas due to either; increased availability of detritus, increased oxygen content or additional protection from predators. Introduction: Gammarus pulex: (freshwater shrimp) are Crustaceans that are members of the Amphipoda order. Their bodies are curved into a C shape and they average approximately 20mm in length. As seen in figure 1, Gammarus pulex have 7 pairs of legs, two of which perform a grasping function similar to humans hands whilst the other 5 are adapted to swimming. The species gills are provided with oxygen by the vibrations of their legs and the 3 pairs of structures seen on the abdomen, the gills are located on the inside of the back five legs. Gammarus pulex have a high oxygen requirements and as a result are typically found in faster flowing, oxygen rich water. They are hatched from eggs and emerge fully developed and ready to reproduce. This results in a fast rate of reproduction. The offsprings sex is determined by the temperature of the water. These shrimps mate whilst the male carries the female on its back, this will occur several times per year. Gammarus pulex Have no natural defence mechanism o ther than their camouflage and as a result they are primarily active during low sunlight periods and under shelter. As a result of Gammarus pulexs lack of a defence mechanism they are typically found under and within the aquatic fauna and rocks within rivers. Gammarus pulex are primary consumers that typically consume detritus, i.e. they consume dead and decaying matter in order to provide energy for themselves. Gammarus pulex main predators are fish which that rely on them as one of their primary sources of food, fish commonly found to consume these shrimp include: Trout, Bullheads and Salmon. Rationale: Gammarus pulex can be used as an indicator species due to their affinity for highly oxygenated water. They (Gammarus Pulex) are intolerant of polluted waters or reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations, and can therefore be used as an indicator species for water quality. A decrease in the oxygen content of an ecosystem can have serious adverse effects on the other species within the ecosystem and is one of the most common causes of Fish Kills as a result it is a variable regularly monitored by fishing agencies Due to increasing awareness of the impact humans are having on their environment and the ecosystems that we interact with, biological indicator species will become increasingly important in the identification of suitable habitats for species to be introduced to. In addition to Gammarus pulex acting as an indicator species, they also require highly oxygenated water to survive and reproduce. A lack of oxygen within the water could potentially lead to anaerobic conditions within the water. Due the fact that they require oxygen for respiration (Aerobic) this would reduce the population of the shrimp within an area. This would have a knock on effect on the secondary and tertiary consumers within the food chain that also rely on Gammarus pulex as their primary food source such as trout and salmon. As a result, the abundance of the species is of key ecological importance within these ecosystems and steps should be taken to ensure high oxygen content of the water and adequate foliage and vegetation for the species to thrive within its niche. These goals can be achieved relatively easily through the planting of vegetation for cover. This would also provide raised oxygen levels due to the respiration of the plant life to produce oxygen as a by-product . In a study by H.H Costa on investigating the affect of low concentrations of oxygen on the number of reactions per minute in Gammarus pulex, strong correlations were made between the concentration of oxygen within the water and the number of reactions taking place per minute. Low levels of oxygen would lead to decreased metabolic activity, resulting in slower growth and reproduction. As a primary consumer this would have a detrimental effect on the rest of the ecosystem as a lower population of the species would result in food being a limiting factor for fish that relied on the species as a source of food. This could also lead to the gradual decline of other primary and secondary consumers as they are used as a source of energy by the tertiary consumers to sustain themselves. Aims: The aim of the experiment was to determine whether the presence of vegetation within the water at Nettlecombe church pool would have a significant impact on the abundance of Gammarus pulex measured within an area and whether any changes in abundance could be attributed to the independent variable (presence of vegetation) by controlling or measuring the other abiotic factors within the ecosystem. Null hypothesis: Statistically, there will be no significant correlation between the abundance of freshwater shrimp and the presence of vegetation within the stream. Alternate hypothesis: Statistically, there will be significant correlation between the abundance of freshwater shrimp and the presence of vegetation within the stream. Prediction Gammarus pulex will likely show a significantly higher presence in the vegetated areas of the stream due to several key biological factors: Defense: Due to the lack of any inherent defense mechanisms, the species relies on its camouflage as its sole mechanism for defense. Naturally, high amounts of vegetation present in an area provide an aid to the protection of the freshwater shrimp from its predators and allow a greater chance of the survival of the species. Oxygen content: The oxygen within water is derived primarily from submerged plants present within the water. As these plants photosynthesize, Oxygen is released as a byproduct and dissolves into the surrounding water. This increased oxygen content would attract freshwater shrimp to an area, as they are reliant on the surrounding water for the oxygen that is necessary for them to respire aerobically. Detritus: Organic material such as decaying plant material is the primary food source of Gammarus pulex as detritivores. If vegetation is present in an area an increased amount of detritus will also be present due to the death and decay of the submerged plants. This provides an ideal food source for the Gammurus pulex and increases the chances of survival and reproduction. As a result you would expect to see an increase in the abundance of the species in areas with vegetation. Independent variable The independent variable within the experiment was the presence of a significant (+10cm) amount of vegetation submerged within the water and the lack of +10cm of vegetation present. This was varied by locating two areas, one with +10cm of submerged vegetation and another without. Dependent variable The dependent variable within the experiment was the relative abundance of the species within the two separate areas per sample. This was measured through obtaining a sample and counting the number of Gammarus pulex present per sample. Control variables Several abiotic variables were controlled within the experiment to ensure that any changes in the abundance of the freshwater shrimps could be assigned to the changing in the independent variable. In the cases in which an extraneous variable could not be controlled without compromising the integrity of the experiment, the variable was measured and any anomalous readings recorded could possibly be assigned to that abiotic factor. PH: The acidity (concentration of hydrogen ions) within the water was measured by obtaining a sample in the two areas and measuring the sample through the addition of universal indicator. The PH of the water was measured as Gammarus pulex have an aversion to water with more extreme Phs. In Responses of Gammarus pulex to modified environment II. Reactions to abnormal Hydrogen ion concentrations H.H Costa states that at the PH values of 9.6. These negative reactions can be explained through the inability of the shrimps enzymes to function at these extreme PHs. Temperature: Temperature was measured in degrees centigrade through the use of a digital thermometer that was placed in each sample, allowed to stabilize and a reading was taken. Temperature was controlled due to the reaction of Gammarus pulexs offspring to temperature, at lower temperatures, offspring within eggs will hatch as male, whilst above this they will hatch as female. This would lead to one sex becoming dominant at extremely hot or cold temperatures, which would result in a reduced abundance as the difficulty of locating a mate increased. Light: The amount of light in each sample was recorded through the use of a lux meter as close to the water as possible. This variable was measured in lux and was measured as it is likely the shrimp will be more abundant in darker areas due to the increased effectiveness of their camouflage in these areas and increased protection this offers. Depth: The depth of each location was measured through the insertion of a ruler to measure the depth of each location. The ruler was placed on the surface of the sediment to stop it being pushed too far into the soft sediment and producing an inaccurate reading. Areas were chosen as close to 10cm deep as possible to rule out the depth of the water having any significant impact on the results produced. Pilot study: Introduction: Before carrying out the main study, a pilot study was used to determine the final procedure and method of the study. This pilot study was used to identify the best sampling technique to use to collect a sufficient number of shrimps per sample. This technique had to be efficient enough to collect enough data for a statistical significance to be shown and collect the maximum number of shrimp within an area to ensure that the true abundance of the species was actually being measured. In addition, the method used to collect the shrimp had to be standardized, so that the identical technique could be carried out in different areas to ensure the reliability of the technique. This meant the same technique could be carried out again to produce as similar results as possible. In addition, the best local spot to produce enough shrimp to state a significant difference had to be located. This pilot study was used to locate the areas that would be sampled in the main experiment by locating the areas with enough vegetation to have an impact on the dependent variable. This meant looking for areas with high levels of submerged vegetation within several different rivers until enough within as Single River was found. This was to make the control of extraneous variables easier as the variation in the variables would be far larger in separate bodies of water. Within the pilot study, I also had to assess the extraneous variables that would have to be measured in my final study to prevent them interfering with the data produced. During the pilot study, I identified that the amount of light in an area seemed to be having an effect on the abundance of the species within that area. This was potentially reducing the validity of the experiment. This was because any results produced were no longer necessarily down to just the independent (presence of vegetation) variable. As a result, I included the use of a light meter in the final experiment to control and limit the impact on the data produced. Along with deciding the variables to be measured, I also had to finalize the equipment used to measure the variable in a standardized manner. The pilot study was also used to identify any potential risks or hazards within the area. Once these were identified, appropriate controls could be taken to reduce or nullify the risks from these sources. Equipment list: A 15cmx10cm Scoop net A 1 meter long ruler A digital thermometer A square 1025 cm tray that was not filled with pond water A digital stopwatch Freshwater identification sheet Pipette Method: Whilst 3 rivers were found in close proximity, only one, the church stream, contained an appropriate number of vegetated areas to non-vegetated areas close enough to carry out the experiment expediently. In addition the proximity of the locations reduced any extraneous variables that were acting on the study. Thus the church stream was used for the final experiment. 2 methods of sampling with the net were carried out, the figure of eight sample (A)and the Kick sample'(B) A) This involved locating an area to sample and standing still whilst moving the net in a figure of eight through the water. This was timed for 10 seconds and 20 seconds .This method did not disturb the sediment of the area. B) The kick sample involved placing the net downstream of the area to be sampled and kicking up the sediment into the net without moving the net. This was timed for both 10 seconds and 20 seconds using the stopwatch. After collecting each sample the contents of the net was upturned and placed into the empty tray. The tray was then filled with water from the stream. Using the identification sheet, I timed for 1 minute on the stopwatch and counted all of the Gammarus pulex present in the tray within the time. Using a pipette to move them to a separate bucket once counted A variety of sampling techniques for the control variables were then carried out in the area. The ruler was used to measure depth at a variety of locations. This provided practice at accurately measuring the depth of the water without disturbing the sediment on the bed of the stream. The digital thermometer was then placed in the water, however not placed at the bed of the stream. Risk assessment: Before carrying out the pilot and main study, a risk assessment of the risks that could pose a threat to me or those in the surrounding areas was carried out. Through this I identified the hazard (negative effect 1-10) and the risk factor (chance of the hazard actually occurring 1-10) to control this I also decided on sensible controls to minimize the chance of the hazard occurring or minimize the severity of the hazard. The risk rating was calculated by multiplying the chance of the hazard occurring with the severity of the hazard (1-100). Hazard Severity of the Hazard Chance of occurring Risk rating Control Slipping and falling. 2 6 12 Ensure the muddy parts of the bank are noted and avoided. Wear appropriate footwear to avoid tripping/slipping. Drowning in unexpected deep water. 10 1 10 Ensure all personal can swim. Identify any deep areas before beginning. Contamination from any water/aquatic life. 8 3 24 Wash hands before and after touching the water. Do not handle the aquatic life, use a pipette instead Tripping with net/ruler. 4 4 16 Wear appropriate footwear, I.e. hiking boots Discussion of results: The number of shrimp produced by using method B for 20 seconds produced the largest total number of shrimp in both vegetated areas and non-vegetated areas. In comparison, method A produced the fewest number of shrimp in both vegetated areas and non-vegetated areas. The temperatures produced seemed to be pretty constant throughout the pilot study however the two 9.8 readings were likely caused by the thermometer not being pressed to the sediment properly, reducing the reliability of those readings. The preliminary findings reflected that more shrimp were indeed found in the vegetated areas in comparison to the non-vegetated. Evaluation of pilot study: Through the use of the pilot study I was able to identify the main problems with the study and remedy them for the final study: The measuring of the temperature using the thermometer was standardized by pressing the thermometer to the bed of the stream on each measurement. The sample I chose to use was the 20 seconds kick sample This method of sampling was far superior to the figure of eight sample. This was likely to the freshwater shrimp inhabiting the upper layer of the sediment; the kick sample dislodged them into the net whereas the figure of eight did not disrupt the sediment at all resulting in only the swimming shrimp being picked up. As a result, only the number of shrimp swimming in a sampled area was being measured not the total number of shrimp in the area. I chose to use the 20 second sample as, although it was less expedient than the 10 second sample, it did provide more species and reduced the chance of anomalies cropping up through not all of the shrimp being collected. Whilst measuring the depth in step 8, I noticed that the vegetated areas where normally darker than the non- vegetated areas. To counteract this variable, I decided to control it in the main experiment by measuring the light using a lux meter. This was to ensure that the results were down to the vegetation present. During step 1 and the selection of the location of the samples, I realized that I hadnt set any specification on what classed as enough vegetation to qualify as a vegetated area. After discussing this with my tutor I decided to use 10cm measurements of submerged vegetation qualify an area as vegetated. In addition, I used areas without any vegetation for the final experiment. Whilst collecting the samples in step 4 I realized that I was disturbing the ecology further downstream on further kick samples. This was an unfortunate side effect of using the kick sample from the top of the stream down. As a result, I decided to reverse the direction for the final experiment and take the values from downstream before taking those upstream. This stopped earlier experiments influencing later ones. Main Experiment: My final experiment took into account the findings from the pilot study and used these to modify the final experiment to produce the best results I could. The changes listed above were introduced to tailor the results of the experiment into a form I could use to compare the effect of the independent variable. Intro: My final experiment consisted of 10 samples of each vegetated and non-vegetated areas being taken, with the variables light, depth, temperature, PH and number of shrimp present being measured. The revised aim of the final experiment was to measure whether the presence of vegetation affected the abundance of Gammarus pulex present and whether this difference was statistically significant. To do this I carried out a stratified sampling technique to locate areas to work in, I,e areas with +10 cm of submerged vegetation. I then used a systematic sampling technique to collect the data as I timed how many of the species I could count from a sample in 1 minute. Equipment list: A 15cmx10cm Scoop net A 1 meter long ruler A digital thermometer A square 1025 cm tray that was pre-filled with pond water A digital stopwatch Freshwater identification sheet Pipette 1 Lux meter 1 bottle of universal indicator, with a beaker to collect a sample of water A small bucket to place counted shrimp in Writing equipment and paper to record results Pipette to collect the shrimp with Method: 10 vegetated areas were first located. This involved measuring the total submerged vegetation present and ensuring it was over 10cm long. The non-vegetated areas were then located, these were areas within as close proximity to the vegetated areas as possible but without any vegetation present. Starting from downstream and moving upstream, the kick sample was performed in the first vegetated area. This involved placing the net downstream from the sampling area and kicking the sediment for 20 seconds into the net. This was timed with the stopwatch. The sample in the net was upturned into the tray. The Gammarus pulex were identified using the species identification sheet and removed from the tray and placed in the bucket using a pipette. The total number of shrimp counted in 1 minute was recorded. The contents of the tray and bucket were emptied back into the water. The depth of the sampling area was then measured using the ruler and placing it on the stream bed. The lowest value of the water rising up the ruler was measured as the depth. The thermometer was then placed lightly on the stream bed, this was left to stabilize for 10 seconds and the value was recorded The lux meter was then placed as close to the water as possible and held still. After 10 seconds the value was taken. This method was repeated for the non-vegetated areas. This procedure was carried out at all of the 10 areas. Table of results for main experiment Calculations of the means for Vegetated data: Mean PH: (7.5 x 10)/10 = 7.5 Mean temperature C: (9.8 x 2 + 9.9 x 8)/10 = 9.88 Mean Lux reading (Lux) : (240+234+194+30+13+109+603+719+560+335)/10 = 303.7 Average depth (cm) : (10.0+9.5+5.0+4.0+4.0+5.0+5.2+8.2+12.8+13.2) /10 = 7.69 Mean Shrimp (Arbitary units) : 341/10 = 34.1 Calculations of the means for Non-Vegetated data : Mean PH: (7.5 x 10)/10 = 7.5 Mean temperature C: (9.8 x 1 + 9.9 x 9)/10 = 9.89 Mean Lux reading (Lux) : (846+645+300+71+24+123+441+739+506+389)/10 = 408.4 Average depth (cm) : (12+11.5+10.5+12+8+10.5+12.4+14.5+12.4+13.3) /10 = 11.71 Mean Shrimp (Arbitary units) : 56/10 = 5.6 Anomalies: Both of the values highlighted in red, are examples of possible anomalous data that could have been caused by procedural errors. 6 is far below the average shrimp reading of 34.1, this could have been caused by the high light reading on this particular reading, reducing the shrimps camouflage and therefore their safety in this area. The value of 17 was far ahead of the mean value of 5.6 and could have been caused through the procedural error of the pipette not sucking the shrimp up and them being counted twice. These samples also could have had the random error of large amounts of sediment resulting in some shrimps not being counted or others being counted twice. The clear variation in the number of Gammarus pulex sampled in the two areas would indicate that the vegetation did have an effect on the abundance of the population. Likely due to the increased defense offered by these areas and also how much easier it would be to obtain decomposing plant matter (Detritus) as a food source. The largest value for a vegetated shrimp was 79, with the lowest being 6. This is in comparison to the highest value for non-vegetated areas being 17, with the lowest being 2. The similarities between the abiotic factors, primarily temperature and P.H also increase the validity of the results produced. We can be sure that the results are actually as a result of the presence of the vegetation. It should be noted that none of the samples contained no freshwater shrimp, leading to the assumption that the water likely has a high oxygen content and has few pollutants. This is backed up by the location of Nettlecombe, a relatively rural area with few large roads runnin g nearby. Statistics: Within this study I decided to use the Mann Whitney U test to ascertain whether the difference between the two values was enough to reject the null hypothesis and convey a significant difference between the two sets of data. Null Hypothesis: There will be no significant statistical difference between the data drawn from vegetated samples and non-vegetated samples in the Nettlecombe church stream on the 14/10/12 The lowest U value calculated was 6, The critical value at 0.1 is 16 meaning that the Null Hypothesis can be rejected at the 0.1 significance level This allows us to accept the alternate hypothesis, and although there were small overlaps in the data, the difference between the two sets of data values is significant. Evaluation: Throughout the experiment, every effort was made to control or measure extraneous variables that could have an effect on the results of the experiment. As a result, the validity of the experiment is quite high; the values for all the abiotic variables were measured and have similar values for both the Vegetated areas and the non-vegetated areas. As a result we can make the assumption that any changes in the dependent variable, were in fact down to the independent variable. The pilot study was carried out to aid in the identification of any confounding variables, risks or extraneous variables that could potentially impact on the validity of the results produced and as a result of the pilot study, controls were put in place to counteract these variables. In addition, due to the standardized methodology carried out within both the pilot experiment and the final experiment, the method could be repeated under similar conditions to produce similar results. Resulting in a high reliability of the data. As the Mann Whitney U test allowed us to reject the null hypothesis at the 0.01% significance level, we must assume that the results produced show a significant change between the two environments. Although the results proved to be statistically significant, several procedural errors should be considered. Even with a 20 second kick sample, not all of the shrimp in a certain area could be collected as the shrimp likely inhabit different layers of the sediment. The speed at which the shrimp were counted at could also vary considerably based on the amount of sediment present in a sample, in a sample with high amounts of sediment, it would take longer to count and remove all of the shrimp within a minute than it would be in a clear sample. To counteract this, a stratified sample could be put in place; all of the shrimp from a sample could be counted rather than just counting for one minute. Systematic errors within parts of the equipment could result in repeatedly wrong measurements, e.g the Lux meter may not be calibrated properly and give readings that are continually 50 higher than they should be. Percentage error can also become a problem and whilst small, can be noticeable when accounted for in multiple datasets e.g. 0.01/500 x100 = 0.002 % percentage error There are also several ethical considerations to take into account when using live organisms within experiments. For instance the ecosystem is being massively disrupted through the use of a kick sample. All of the layers of sediment are being removed and many organisms are being collected in a sample that didnt have to be. A more specific and less environmentally invasive procedure could instead be carried out using the figure of eight sampling method so as not to disturb the stream bed ecosystem as much. Conclusion From the data and evidence provided above, a reliable argument can be put forward that the species Gammarus pulex does favor vegetated conditions over non-vegetated conditions. This could be down to a variety of reasons: Gammarus pulex is an aerobic organism and thus favors oxygenated conditions. During photosynthesis in submerged plants, oxygen is produced as a byproduct which diffuses into the surrounding environment (the water) this results in increased oxygen content. The oxygen content at this point is not acting as a limiting factor in the population of Gammarus pulux and thus an increase in the activity within the reproductive cycle of the species. This is demonstrated in the image to the right. Gammarus pulex favors the vegetated environment due to the increased source of detritus present through the decomposition of the plants present in the environment. This increased source of food and energy means the species expends more energy within its reproductive cycle and fewer of the species die due to starvation. Thus the population of the species in these conditions increases. Gammarus pulex could also potentially favor the vegetated environment due to the increased camouflage and protection it provides it. This could be part of a behavioral adaptation the organism has developed to protect itself from the fish that hunt it. This would result in large numbers gathering in the areas that they were safe and fewer of them being consumed by secondary and tertiary consumers resulting in larger numbers of them in the vegetated areas. Source evaluation Within my experiment, I extensively referenced and used H.H Costas work into the differing effects of modified environments on Gammarus pulex. This work was published in the scientific, peer reviewed journal Crustaceana. This journal is is a leading journal in the world on crustacean research. As a result I feel the peer reviewed work is both reliable and accurate and although published in 1967, the more recent research (Field guide to the water life of Britain 1984) also agrees with the core principles described in H.H Costas work. In addition to several peer reviewed journals, one of my sources was an Information pack produced by the University of Florida, a well respected academic institute unlikely to publish inaccurate or unreliable information. As well as the paper sources listed, I used a variety of websites to gather data on various aquatic processes and mechanisms. Whilst I trust the majority of the websites, certain websites such as source 2, dont back up many of the claims with any real evidence which could be a sign of unreliable or inaccurate information. Further research Further research could be carried out into the preferences of Gammarus pulex through an experiment designed to ascertain the type of vegetation that they prefer and also the nutritional value of the varying types of detritus to the organism. In addition, research could be done into pinpointing the exact reason that the species prefers to reside within vegetative conditions rather than non-vegetative.

Spartan Heat Exchangers Inc.

Current State Spartan Heat Exchangers Inc. is a leading designer and manufacturer of specialized industrial heat transfer equipment for more than 10 years. The company’s primary products are transformer coolers, hydro generator coolers, air-cooled heat exchangers and transformer oil coolers. Their USP – Fin tube type heat exchangers and long lasting products. They are into highly customized heat equipments & because of new competition from European & Korean companies they have changed their corporate policy, which emphasize on reducing the product variety & standardized the product. The new business policy also states of reducing the current lead time from 14 weeks to 6 weeks. Problem Statement The Materials Department headed by Rick Coyne has to take a lot of initiatives internally to incorporate various implications of the new strategy, and submit his report to his boss Max Brisco of the changes suggested by him within a week. His major challenges are: †¢Change from responsive to anticipatory model. †¢Keep-up with the increased competition in the industry. Inventory turns from present 4 times to 20 times. †¢Eliminate material shortages & stock outs. †¢Reduce cost of Purchase goods by 10%. †¢Reduction in the custom lead time from 14 weeks to 6 weeks. Analysis of Key issues & options: †¢Interpretation of new corporate strategy. (ok, might need some rephrasing of words) In our view the key issue is to find out how to adapt the supply chain strategy from a responsive model to an anticipatory model. The previous corporate strategy was based on customization of each of their products which is now being changed to standardization. This change can be best illustrated by comparison of figures 1. 1 and 1. 2 in Appendix 1, wherein the possible corporate structures may tend to three different values, i. e. cost, differentiation and responsiveness; Spartan strategy has shifted from a focus in differentiation and responsiveness to a cost and responsiveness value proposition. †¢Job shop method of production to Hybrid. The new corporate strategy implies re-engineering from a job shop method of production (which involved manufacturing operations with several departments, each of which produced particular components, Ref Case) to a hybrid method of production which is a flow operation, where multiple work stations can be working simultaneously, which will mainly allow Spartan to increase volume of production, reduce lead time, it will further lead in cutting down the carrying cost of inventory, even though the inventory will be high. Raw materials procurement The customization strategy required the presence of many vendors and a high level of inventory in the warehouse. On the contrast, the new corporate strategy reduces variety to 3-4 basic lines for each product category will require less variety of raw material but in higher quantity. This will give the company a higher negotiation power for better overall conditions, including delivery time, transportation cost, price, quality & budget. †¢Le ad time reduction from 16 to 4 weeks One of the main concerns for the company is to reduce the lead time from 16 to 4 weeks in order to keep up with the competition in the market. This should be discussed with the vendors at the time of negotiation & should also be a clause in the PO. Now since the process is already standardized, Rick should also insist on improved communication between sales, materials department & vendors will help in the prediction of demand. There is also an option of keeping a buffer stock in case of an inconsistent demand. We believe that this goal can be achieved with an adequate supply chain strategy. The fact that we are reducing the number of vendors required will allow us to be more selective and procure only from the vendors that provide a service in accordance with our new needs, i. e. only from those who in the past have consistently delivered in few days lead time or those who can commit to do so in the future. †¢Change in Corporate Culture The new strategy will affect the corporate structure in the company. Earlier the work was based on the specific requirements of the client and it was more of research based but now the focus on research will be less and it will be more on general requirements. Therefore the type of work would shift. The present organizational chart of the SC Department in the company includes two buyers, one material control clerk, one expeditor and two shipper/receivers. This structure was functional to the previous strategy because there was a strong focus on the purchasing function. We believe that in order to maximize the SC Department resources in accordance with the new structure the positions and functions of the people with the SC Department will have to be adapted to strengthen the inventory management function of the company. There company could benefit from having one person responsible for forecasting demand. Processes should be reviewed to ensure that the SC Department has sufficient access to information in order to achieve this task. Re-buying will also be of utmost importance now in order to ensure that there is always sufficient inventory to maintain production going. †¢Vendor Development. A vendor base of 350 can prove very beneficial for Spartan. Such a large base of vendor proves that Spartan has a good market reputation. Also the increase in the requirement of raw material & its variety getting reduced will help Rick to: †¢Maintain & improve quality †¢Find & develop best–in-class supplier (both these points will help in superior quality product) †¢Standardize the items bought & the processes used to procure them (now possible due to standardization of product) (Ref pg 48) †¢Purchase required items & services at lowest cost of ownership. †¢Another option that Rick will have is Consignment buying (Ref. Pg 35) (which is possible due to the space available in the warehouse since the variety of raw materials has reduced) This space can be used to keep suppliers inventory under his control (specially for Aluminum which constitutes 40% of the total inventory). A)This will help Rick in another way as he will be able to solve the problem of stock out, specially for the basic raw material ie Aluminum. B)Since Spartan will now need only a fixed variety of raw materials, hence the requirement of a large vendor base will not be required. This will also provide Rick more negotiation power for a ixed vendor base, for his basic raw material as explained later on. The new business strategy being formulated for 5 years will give more negotiation power in view of a commitment of a long term relationship. As we previously mentioned, the new strategy of Spartan will enable the Supply Chain Department to restructure the procurement scenario. As we know, purchasing and supply management are critical to the success of a company. The general modern conception regarding procurement is recognizing the importance that, in addition to price, other elements may have in this relation. In this line of thought, we believe that being able to reduce significantly the number of vendors will allow the company to make some considerable advances on vendor development. Since there will be a less variety of raw materials to purchase and in a larger quantity than previously, due to the new anticipatory approach, the company should aim to establish long term relationship with these fewer vendors. However by no means do we want to imply that purchasing function at Spartan should be any less strategic. We believe that this should continue, but also that some resources can now afford, and will highly benefit, from reallocating some resources to the inventory management function. Spartan will require more inventory and raw materials as it would be an ongoing production always. For that the company will have to get in touch with their suppliers more often in order to fulfill production requirement. Suppliers will also have a strong incentive to cooperate with the company as they can obtain higher revenues due to more bulk orders. Additionally, we know that reducing the costs will drive profitability up. Moreover, reducing the purchasing price on raw materials will produce a leverage effect on the return on assets. This means that any given reduction that Spartan can obtain on the procurement price of aluminum will translate in an even higher increase in the return on assets. (DEMONSTRATE) A reduction in the prices from suppliers is one aspect that is always possible and in this case is necessary because of the situation that is happening in the market. Spartan should keep always in mind that many of their customers (including some of the key ones) decided to opt for standard product design because it brings them more advantages like lower cost and faster delivery. In consequence, Spartan should look for new suppliers that satisfy effectively the new needs of that the market is asking for. A 10% of reduction in the prices from suppliers could be possible by searching new suppliers that offer standardized products of good quality. It could be a good idea to search new Asian and European suppliers because they are being very competitive according the new market standards. Spartan should also consider finding an effective logistics route which allows them to reduce costs and they should consider the possibility of consolidating their goods. This will represent a decrease in the expenses that the company has to pay once they receive their goods. †¢Training of manpower The change in corporate strategy will require the employees to get training in accordance with the new product line. The anticipated increase in business will require more staff so the HR Dept will have to recruit more staff. †¢R&D : New initiative for a array of new Products The R&D will have to redirect their efforts to more standardized manufacturing process for a new product line based on the new strategy. †¢Procurement of Extra Machinery (don’t think this is necessary) Key Assumptions †¢The materials requirement in a customized product setup is not predictable, but the raw material requirement is quiet predictable in the standardized product setup which will help in reduction of a variety of raw material. We assume that there will be an on-going production. †¢Another part of the corporate strategy is to reduce the lead time from 16 weeks to 4 weeks. By adoption of this strategy Spartan will now be able to overcome one of its weakness, which will result in increase in sales, since Spartan will now have access to customers, it lost due to longer lead times. This increase in sales will provide high inventory turnover and help Rick to negotiate the prices & increase his inventory turnover from 4 to 20 times. Inventory Turnover = Sales/ Inventory (ref Pg. ___) †¢ The transition from customization to specialization will also help in reduction in the raw materials variety, which will provide some extra space in the companies’ warehouse, which will allow Rick to do â€Å"Consignment uying† (ref pg 35). Key Results of Calculations: Total cost of Inventory (Raw material & WIP) = $3,500,000. 00 Out of which 40% is Raw Material = $ 1,400,000. 00 Remaining 60% is WIP = $ 2,100,000. 00 Target 10% Reduction in cost of raw materials = $ 140,000. 00 †¢35% of the cost of raw material is Aluminum = $ 490,000. 00 A 15% reduc tion in the cost a saving of $ 73,500. 00 (as suggested this is achieved by consignment buying or bulk buying & savings on transportation). †¢Out of the remaining inventory cost of $ 910,000. 00 A 7. % reduction on cost price (ie a saving of $ 66,500. 00) on the remaining inventory achieved through negotiation & PO’s (which will fix the prices for over 12 months) will allow Rick to achieve the target. †¢Since in customized WIP is more which will decrease in standardization, ie reduction in handling & storage cost. No commitment but looks achievable over a period of 12 months. Recommendations: Based on the above argument we believe that the positivity in Rick’s mind in supporting the new corporate policy is valid & achievable. Appendix 1 1. 1 1. 2 1. 2